Uri umuntu uvugisha ukuri? Iyo bigeze ku biremwa bigirana umubano, bigaragara ko kubeshya – cyangwa nibura twa tunyoma duto tutagize icyo dutwaye – bishobora kuba ari byo biduhuza twese.
Kandi, nubwo muri kamere yacu tutamenya neza gutahura ikinyoma, hashobora kuba hari uburyo bworoshye wakoresha mu gutahura ababeshyi bo muri twe…
Impuguke mu bumenyi bw’imyitwarire y’inyamaswa akaba n’umwanditsi Lucy Cooke yagambiriye gutahura kubeshya byeze mu nyamaswa – ndetse no mu bantu.
Tumunga ukuri ngo dukomeze twihe amahoro
Akenshi, ibyo tuba dusobanuye iyo tuvuze “kubeshya”, ni umuntu ugambirira kutuyobya cyangwa kuduhenda ubwenge mu magambo cyangwa mu bikorwa.
Ariko, mu by’ukuri, ikiganiro gisanzwe gishobora kubaho gusa mu by’ukuri kuko tutavuga nyirizina ibyo dutekereza neza neza cyangwa dushaka kuvuga.
Tekereza muri buri kiganiro ugiranye n’umuntu, uwo muntu akubwiye neza neza ibyo agutekerezaho cyangwa ku byemezo ufata mu buzima? Ntabwo wabasha kubyihanganira.
Nubwo bwose twaba twanga modeli y’umusatsi mushya uhenze kanaka yishyizeho, benshi muri twe ntabwo twarota tubimubwira.
Dusanga ko kuvugisha ukuri iteka 100 ku ijana (100%) bishobora guteza ibibazo kurusha ibyo byakemura, kandi ubu buryo bwo gufashanya ni ipfundo ry’imibanire myinshi ishingiye ku biganiro by’inyoko-muntu.
Rero, ni byo, kubeshya ni nk’ubujeni cyangwa umufatango udufatanyije twese, ugatuma dufashanya, ukanatuma isi ibaho mu bwuzuzanye.
Kimwe cya gatatu cyacu tubeshya buri munsi
Umuhanga mu myitwarire ya muntu Richard Wiseman agira ati: “Muri rusange hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’abantu babeshya ikinyoma gikomeye buri munsi”.
Nyamara kandi ikusanyabitekerezo riherutse gutangazwa rivuga ko abantu bangana na 5% bavuga ko batarabeshya na rimwe mu buzima bwabo.
Bisa nkaho benshi muri twe tudashobora no kuvuga ukuri no mu ikusanyabitekerezo ryakozwe hatagaragazwa umwirondoro wacu…
Imfungwa ziba zizi gutahura ibinyoma cyane kurusha abacamanza
Richard akomeza agira ati: “Tuzi kubeshya neza cyane; [ariko] tugorwa cyane no gutahura ikinyoma”.
Dutekereza ko tuzi gutahura ikinyoma, ariko iyo ufashe abantu babiri ukabashyira mu cyumba cy’ubushakashatsi ukabereka videwo imwe aho umuntu umwe ari kubeshya n’indi aho undi muntu ari kuvuga ukuri – ubundi ukabaza uri kubeshya n’uri kuvuga ukuri – abarenga gato ikigero cya 50% ni bo bazabitahura.
Kandi ibyo ni ko bimeze no ku bapolisi, abunganizi mu bucamanza n’abacamanza ubwabo.
Hari itsinda rimwe gusa rirusha abandi bose gutahura ababeshyi, ni imfungwa.
Mu gutahura niba umuntu ari kubeshya, koresha amatwi yawe aho gukoresha amaso
Impamvu tugorwa no gutahura ikinyoma ni uko turi ibiremwa bireba cyangwa birambukirwa no kureba mbere y’ikindi cyose.
Ibice byinshi byo mu bwonko bwacu byahariwe kuyungurura amafoto y’ibyo tureba, rero dukunze gushingira kuri ibyo iyo turi kugerageza gutahura niba umuntu ari kubeshya.
Ari kwinyeganyeza mu ntebe yicayeho? Ari guca amarenga n’intoki ze? Mu maso he hameze gute?
Ariko, byinshi muri ibyo bintu umuntu azoshobora kubitegeka uko byitwara: ababeshyi b’abahanga baba bazi icyo uri gushaka gutahura niba babeshya ari kugenzura cyangwa ari kwibandaho.
Icy’ingenzi ahubwo ni imvugo: ibyo tuvuga n’uburyo tubivuga.
Ibi ni ibintu birushaho gukomerera ababeshyi ku buryo babyitwaramo – rero niwibanda kuri ibyo, ndetse ukaba uzi isano n’ibyo uri gushaka gutahura, uhita uba umuntu ushoboye gutahura neza kurushaho umubeshyi.
Muri rusange, ababeshyi bavuga amagambo macye; bibafata igihe kirekire mbere yo gusubiza ikibazo babajijwe; kandi mu marangamutima yabo bakunze kwitandukanya n’ikinyoma: rero amagambo nka “jyewe”, “wanjye/cyanjye”, “nanjye”, akenshi ari mu yo bakunze kuvuga.
Ni ryari abantu batangira kubeshya?
Richard Wiseman avuga ko hari ubushakashatsi bumwe bugaragaza igihe abana batangira kubeshya.
Agira ati: “Uza abana mu cyumba, ukababwira uti,’Tugiye gushyira igipupe [igikinisho cy’abana] cyawe ukunda cyane inyuma yawe, ariko rwose nturebe inyuma’ – hanyuma ukava mu cyumba usize ubasabye nanone kutareba igipupe”.
Mu gihe uba uri kubitegerereza ahantu wowe batakubona, iyo hashize iminota micye uza gutahura ukuntu bareba kuri icyo gipupe.
Iyo ugarutse mu cyumba, ubabaza ikibazo cy’ingenzi: “Mwigeze mureba ku gipupe?”
Richard agira ati: “Iyo ukomeza iri gerageza ku bana b’imyaka itatu y’amavuko – ikigero baba bamaze gutangira kumenya ururimi – usanga n’icyo gihe abagera kuri 50% baba babeshya”.
“Ariko iyo bageze ku myaka itanu y’amavuko, nta n’umwe muri bo ushobora kuba yavugisha ukuri!”
Dufite amateka maremare yo kubeshya mu buryo bwagambiriwe
Kubeshya mu by’ukuri ni igice cy’ingenzi cyo gushobora kubaho mu mibanire y’urusobe ya hano ku isi.
Nko ku nguge zo mu bwoko bwa ‘chimpanzees’, kuba mu itsinda rinini biba bifite akamaro kanini: iririmo ishobora nayo kuba mu zifite inshingano zo guhiga ibyo kurya, ndetse no kugenzura uwa ashaka guhohotera izindi nguge.
Ariko iyo uri guhatana n’izindi nguge mu kurya, bishobora kuvamo imirwano aho niba inguge ishobora gukomereka, kandi ibyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku itsinda ry’inguge. Rero kuba inguge y’inyamayeri mu itsinda bifasha iyo nguge ku giti cyayo ndetse n’izindi zo muri iryo tsinda.
Uko kubeshya byagambiriwe bifite amateka maremare mu kuntu imibanire y’amoko y’ibisimba yagiye ikura.
Umuryango mugari ushobora kubana mu bwuzuzanye ngo ni ushobora kubeshyana: ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko uko inyamaswa iba irushijeho kuba urusobe muri yo cyangwa gutera urujijo, ari ko n’ububeshyi burushaho kugaragara muri uwo muryango w’inyamaswa.
Rero, kuba umubeshyi bishobora kutaba ikintu kibi buri gihe. Byongeye, nta kubeshya kuriho, ntabwo twaba tukiriho ubu: mu by’ukuri ni ingenzi ngo dukomeze kubaho.
Iyi nkuru dukesha ikinyamakuru cya BBC isoza igira iti:”Aariko se nanone, umubeshyi si nk’uko yavuga, si byo?”
