Muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) hashize iminsi mike mu binyamakuru bikorera imbere mu gihugu no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga havugwa ikibazo cyo gucamo ibice RDC, bita «balkanisation» mu ndimi z’amahanga.
Iyo ukurikiye neza disikuru zivugwa na bamwe mu banyedini bo muri Congo-Kinshasa cyangwa Abanyaporitiki bakwirakwiza ibihuha ko igihugu cyabo kigiye kugabanywamo ibihugu byinshi, usanga hari inyungu z’uburyo bwinshi babifitemo, usanga abenegihugu basanzwe bakoreshwa mu kujya mu myigaragamyo hamwe na hamwe bataba bazi ukuri nyako.
Abumvishe bwa mbere Abanyekongo bamwe bavugira kuri radio zitandukanye iby’icyo gihugu cyo gucamo ibice RDC, cyangwa abasoma amakuru yo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga batazi amateka y’uburyo iki gihugu cyagiye kiyoborwa nabi kuva cyabona ubwigenge kugeza magingo aya, bibwira ko ibivugwa na bamwe mu banyedini cyangwa abanyaporitiki ari ukuri, cyangwa bagafata ko bibaye bwa mbere muri uyu mwaka turimo. Nta bwo ari byo.
Uretse n’uko ibivugwa ari ibihuha bigamije kurengera inyungu z’ababikwirakwiza, hazamo no guhuzagurika kuko iyo turufu yo gucamo ibice Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, rimwe bavuga ko iri gutegurwa n’ibihugu byo ku mugabane w’u Burayi n’ibihugu byo mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.
Ibyihishe inyuma y’ibihuha bya «balkanisation» ni : abasahura amabuye y’agaciro, ibiti bihenze by’ishyamba, amahembe y’inzovu, bakorana n’imitwe y’inyeshyamba ikorera cyane mu burasirazuba bwa RDC.
Hatagiwe mu mateka ahanitse y’aho ijambo «balkanisation» ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere ku Isi, hari Abanyekongo bamwe b’ibihahiranda bajijisha bene wabo batazi ukuri, bakirirwa batangaza ko ngo hari ibihugu by’amahanga bishaka gucamo ibice igihugu cyabo kandi bishakira gukomeza gusahura ubutunzi bw’Igihugu nta tegeko ribahana bitwaje umutekano muke bamazemo imyaka irenga 20.
Biganjemo cyane Abanyaporitiki n’Abasirikare bakuru ba FARDC bakorana rwihishwa n’Abayobozi b’imitwe y’inyeshyamba itagira ingano mu gucukura amabuye y’agaciro yiganje mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo no kuyacuruza mu buryo bwa magendu.
Abandi batema ibiti, bakica inzovu bakijyanira amahembe yazo nta nkomyi, kubera ko Leta zose uko zagiye zikurikirana guhera igihugu cyabona ubwigenge, nta n’imwe yabashije gukoma imbere ubwo buriganya ngo ibumareho.
Bakoreshwa n’ababifitemo inyungu
Bamwe muri abo bantu bakomeye, bari mu butegetsi bwa Kongo-Kinshasa babaye abaherwe kubera gusahura imitungo y’Igihugu cyabo, bitwaje umutekano muke uhora uvugwa muri za Ituri, muri Beni ho mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, no mu misozi miremire ya Minembwe muri zone ya Uvira, Fizi na Mwenga mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo, iyo hagize Umuyobozi uzanye gahunda yo kurwanya Mai Mai n’indi mitwe yica abaturage, bamurwanya bivuye inyuma kandi bagatera hejuru bamurega ko ngo ashaka gucamo ibice RDC.
Murumva ko iyi nyito ya «balkanisation» ikoreshwa nk’iturufu y’abatifuriza amahoro igihugu cyabo, ariko bagamije izo nyungu babona mu buryo bwo kumena amaraso y’abaturage b’inzirakarengane.
Uko kuri kuzwi na bake cyane bakora ubwo bucuruzi bwa magendu bafatanyije n’Abayobozi b’inyeshyamba, naho bariya baturage bigaragambya na bamwe basakuza ku maradiyo no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ni abakoreshwa ibyo batazi.
Hashingiwe ku isesengura rigaragara mu nkuru yatangajwe mu kinyamakuru Jeune Afrique (J.A) ku wa 20 Mutarama 2020, yanditswe n’umunyamategeko Gatete Nyiringabo, Avoka akaba n’impuguke mu bijyanye n’Uburenganzira bwa bwa muntu, iyo nkuru yanditse mu rurimi rw’Igifaransa ifite umutwe ugira « RDC-Rwanda: les chimères de la « balkanisation». Ugenekereje mu kinyarwanda, bishatse kuvuga ngo « Kongo n’u Rwanda: Ibitekerezo byo gucamo ibice igihugu bidafite aho bihuriye n’ukuri».
Impuguke Gatete Nyiringabo atangaza ko ibi bihuha byo gucamo RDC byavuzwe kuva kera, ariko ngo birushaho gukaza umurego nyuma y’amatora ya Perezida Félix Tshisekedi. Ati «Abatangaza iyo nkuru n’abigaragambya ni Abanyekongo batavuga rumwe na Leta yabo, batishimira ko amahoro agaruka muri RDC, biganjemo abafitiye urwango Abanyarwanda n’Abanyekongo bavuga ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda». Bene abo bantu ngo bakunze kuvuga cyangwa gukora ibintu ariko bazi neza ko atari byo, bashaka guhisha ibibi bagamije.
Ibyo ngo bigaragarira mu myigaragambyo bamwe mu Banyekongo baherutse gukora i Kinshasa mu Murwa Mukuru wa RDC, bivugishwa ibya «balkanisation» byabaye mu bihugu bya Hongrie na Turikiya mu mahanga mu 1912-1913, bakaba babihuza n’ibyo bihimbira mu gihugu cyabo muri uyu mwaka wa 2020.
Ati «Mu Biyaga Bigari ijambo balkanisation ryavuzwe mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1990, igihe ingabo z’u Rwanda na Uganda zigiye mu cyahoze ari Zaïre aho Abazayirwa batinyaga ko ibi bihugu bishobora kuba bigiye kwisubiza uturere Abakoroni bometse kuri RDC igihe bakase imipaka y’Afurika».
Ibyo birego byo gucamo Kongo ibice, Nyiringabo yibukije ko byavuzwe kandi, ubwo Joseph Kabila yagiye ku butegetsi mu 2001. Byakozwe n’abarakare batamushakaga mu buyobozi, ngo bakifatira abatazi ukuri bababwira ko Perezida Joseph Kabila akomoka mu Rwanda. Ngo ntibasibaga kurega uyu wari Umukuru w’Igihugu cya RDC gufatanya n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga guha u Rwanda ngo zimwe mu ntara zikungahaye ku mabuye y’agaciro.
Ati «Ibyo bihuha byongeye kubura ubwo Félix Tshisekedi yatsindaga amatora ya Perezida. Byazamuwe n’abayoboke b’ihuriro ry’imitwe ya poritiki yibumbiye muri Lamuka, nyuma y’aho umukandida wabo Martin Fayulu atsinzwe n’amatora.
Abandi bagize uruhare rukomeye rwo gukwirakwiza ibihuha byo gucamo Kongo ibice, ni Abasenyeri ba Kiliziya Gatolika bibumbiye mu cyo bita Cenco (Conférence épiscopale nationale du Congo). Aba bayobozi b’iri dini muri RDC, baratinyutse batangaza ko Fayulu ari we watsinze amatora ya Perezida nk’aho ari bo bayobozi ba Komisiyo y’amatora.
Kubiba urwango
Iyo ukoze isesengura ku bibazo by’umutekano muke bihora bigaruka muri aka karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, usanga ahanini bikomoka ku banyaporitiki bamwe na bamwe, n’abahezanguzi bahagurukiye kubiba urwango hagati y’abaturanyi bagombye kubana neza kuko hari byinshi bahuriraho bavanamo inyungu.
Urugero kuri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) n’u Rwanda. Ibi bihugu byombi bifite imipaka myinshi bihuriyeho. Nk’umupaka uhuza Rubavu na Goma, umupaka wa Rusizi uhuza Bukavu na Kamembe. Abaturage b’ibihugu byombi barahahirana kuva kera na kare, bamwe bakagura ibyo badafite iwabo kandi ubuzima bukarushaho kugenda neza.
Ariko kuva ubwo Abanyaporitiki bo ku butegetsi bwa Juvénal Habyarimana bahungiye muri RDC basize bahekuye u Rwanda muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Abanyekongo bamwe biyubatsemo urwango ndengakamere ku Banyarwanda kubera ingengabitekerezo mbi babibwemo n’Interahamwe zakwirakwiriye mu Ntara za Kivu y’Amajyepfo na Kivu y’Amajyaruguru. Urwo rwango runafitwe n’Abanyaporitiki bamwe bari mu butegetsi bwa Congo-Kinshasa.
Mu isesengura ryakozwe na Gatete Nyiringabo mu nyandiko yasohotse muri Jeune Afrique mu cyumweru gishize, yagize ati «Aho Félix Tshisekedi abereye Perezida wa Kongo, yagerageje kubaka umubano mwiza n’u Rwanda nk’uko bikorwa no mu bindi bihugu hirya no hino ku Isi. Yashoye kandi imbaraga mu guha amabwiriza ingabo z’Igihugu ke FARDC, kurwanya no kurandura imitwe y’inyeshyamba imaze imyaka myinshi iteza umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba bw’Igihugu».
Igitangaje ni uko kubaka umubano mwiza hagati y’ibi bihugu by’ibituranyi byababaje Abanyekongo b’abahezanguni, babiheraho bavuga ko ngo Perezida Félix Tshisekedi ari mu batije umurindi abanyamahanga ngo bashaka ko RDC igabanywamo ibihugu byinshi.
Abanyaporitiki batavuga rumwe na Guverinoma ya RDC, barimo abafatanya rwihishwa n’Abakuru b’inyeshyamba gusahura umutungo wa rubanda bagamije inyungu zabo bwite, nk’uko bishimangirwa na J.A, bari mu bafashe iya mbere mu gusakuza ngo amahanga agiye gucamo Kongo ibice.
Ibi byagaragariye ku ijambo ryavuzwe n’umunyaporitiki wo muri « Lamuka » Adolphe Muzito wigeze kuba Minisitiri w’Intebe wa RDC, ahamagarira Abanyekongo kugaba igitero ku Rwanda ndetse byashoboka ngo bakarwomeka kuri Kongo.
Uko Perezida Félix Tshisekedi arimo gushakisha uburyo Igihugu cyava mu mutekano muke kimazemo imyaka 25 kikubaka iterambere rishingiye ku mutungo kamere gifite, no ku mibanire myiza n’ibindi bihugu cyane cyane ibihugu byo mu karere, Abanyekongo bitwa ko bajijutse bamwe bakora iyo bwabaga bakayobya abaturage ngo bahaguruke bafate amacumu n’imihoro barwanye abashaka gucamo Kongo ibice kandi nta biriho.
Ikihishe inyuma y’ibyo bihuha nta kindi uretse Abanyaporitiki babi bumva bahoza igihugu mu mutekano muke kugira ngo bakomeze basahure umutungo kamere bikinze mu kumena amaraso ya bene wabo.
