Inzobere mu by’ubuzima zivuga ko ‘Stroke’ ari indwara y’udutsi dukwirakwiza amaraso mu bwonko, duturika bitewe n’umubyimba watwo utabasha kwakira ingano y’amaraso acamo bigatuma yivanga n’ubwonko (Hemorrhagic stroke) cyangwa tukaziba bitewe no kuvura kwayo, bigatuma adatemberamo uko bikwiye igice cyatwo atageramo kikangirika.
Muri Gicurasi 2018, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryatangaje ko Stroke yaje ku mwanya wa kabiri mu ndwara 10 zishe abantu benshi mu 2016 inyuma y’indwara z’umutima.
Mu bantu miliyoni 56.9 bapfuye mu 2016, nibura 54% bishwe n’indwara 10, iz’umutima na Stroke zishemo miliyoni 15.2.
Mu Rwanda ihagaze gute?
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’itsinda ry’abaganga b’abanyarwanda bugamije kureba uko stroke ari umutwaro ku gihugu, bwashyizwe ahagaragara mu 2017.
Bwerekanye ko mu barwayi 100 bashyirwa mu bitaro, babiri biba bitewe n’uburwayi bwa stroke. Abagabo nibo benshi bagaragaje ubwo burwayi ku kigero cya 55%.
Ubu bushakashatsi kandi bwerekanye ko 22% mu bayirwaye batari barigeze bisuzumisha ngo bamenye uko ubuzima bwabo buhagaze naho 53,5% byabo bari bafite umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso ariko batari ku miti.
Ubu bushakashatsi kandi bugaragaza ko nyuma y’umwaka umwe abarwayi bagize stroke, byabagizeho ingaruka zikomeye zirimo urupfu ku kigero cya 61%, ubumuga bukomeye ku kigero cya 14,3% naho 24,7% ikaba yarabasigiye ubumuga bworoheje.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwakorewe mu bitaro by’icyitegererezo biri mu Rwanda ariko urumutse ushyizemo n’abagana ibindi bitaro umubare ngo ushobora kuba uri hejuru kurushaho.
Mu kiganiro IGIHE yagiranye n’inzobere mu kuvura indwara z’umubiri, akaba n’Umuyobozi w’ishami ryazo mu bitaro bya Kaminuza bya Kigali (CHUK), Dr. Kabakambira Jean Damascène, yavuze ko ubusanzwe amaraso atembera mu mubiri yoherezwa n’umutima ariko 20% akajya mu bwonko.
Umubyimba w’imitsi ijyana amaraso mu bice by’umubiri ugenda ugabanuka cyane cyane iyo iyajyana mu bwonko, ku buryo abayemo menshi ishobora guturika bitewe n’imbaraga afite.
Dr. Kabakambira abantu ‘bafite indwara y’umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru cyangwa abasaza, imitsi ijyana amaraso iba yaratakaje ubushobozi bwo kwiyagura, aho kwaguka igaturika amaraso akivanga n’ubwonko’.
Kuri Stroke iterwa no kuvura kw’amaraso, Dr. Kabakambira yavuze ko ayavuze iyo ageze muri ya mitsi yo mu bwonko ayifunga kubera ari mito, bigatuma andi atabasha gutembera mu bindi bice.
Ati “Ishobora gufata abasanganywe izindi ndwara. Hari nk’umutima utera nabi, abafite izindi zituma amaraso avura nk’ubwandu bwa Sida, Diabète, kunywa itabi biza mu byongera ibyago byo kuyirwara kurusha ibindi.”
Itabi ngo ribamo ubumara bwangiza ubwonko n’umutima, bikangiza imiyoboro y’amaraso. Ibyo bituma riza ku isonga mu bitera indwara z’umutima n’ubwonko.
Ati “Stroke ntabwo ushobora kubana nayo utabizi. Izindi ndwara zitandura nk’iz’umutima, ushobora kuzirwara utabizi ariko arizo zitera ibyago byo kugira stroke cyane cyane iyo umuntu azisanganywe atarazivuje, ariko Stroke iyo ije, ni mu masegonda.”
Bimwe mu bimenyetso umuntu uyirwaye agaragaza harimo guta ubwenge igice kimwe cy’umubiri cy’iburyo cyangwa ibumoso bitewe n’icy’ubwonko cyafashwe na stroke kuko gihita gihagarara gukora.
Dr. Kabakambira ati “Ubonye umuntu muri kuvugana agata ubwenge, ukabona uruhande rumwe ntirukora, ukabona umunwa urakebanye akenshi bishobora kuba bitewe n’iyo ndwara ya stroke.”
Ibyo bimenyetso umuntu ashobora kubimarana igihe gito cyangwa kinini, bamwe babanza kuribwa umutwe mu gihe cy’amasaha macye ubundi bagatakaza ubwenge no mu maso hagakebana. Icyo gihe nko kwihagarika ntibaba bakibigenzura, babyikoreraho batabishaka.
Ubufasha bw’ibanze buhabwa uyirwaye
Rimwe na rimwe iyo stroke ifashe igice kinini cy’ubwonko umuntu ashobora guhita apfa. Gusa iyo yoroheje uyirwaye ashobora kwitabwaho nubwo bigoye ko ayikira neza, kuko imusigira ubumuga bw’igice yibasiye, bigatuma ashobora kuzajya agenda acumbagira.
Hari bimwe mu byo bikorerwa umurwayi ugize stroke, abantu bagamije kumufasha ariko bishobora kumuhuhura.
Ati “Nk’igihe ubona umuntu yikubise hasi kubera stroke utabizi ugahita wihutira kumuzanira amazi yo kunywa cyangwa umuha ibiryo ugira ngo arashonje. Ibi bishobora kumugiraho ingaruka zikomeye kuko akenshi ururimi ruba rudakora, ubwenge budakora atabasha kubimira noneho bikaba byayobera mu bihaha akananirwa guhumeka cyangwa akarwara umusonga.”
Abantu kandi bagomba kwirinda kumuterura uko babonye kuko bishobora kumuhuhura, akaba yakwangirika nk’ijosi, uruti rw’umugongo, ukuguru cyangwa ukuboko kukaba kwacomoka cyangwa kukavunika.
Aho gukora ibi ahubwo wakwihutira kubimenyesha ivuriro cyangwa ibitaro bikwegereye cyangwa ugahamagara ambulance, bakaza kumufasha cyangwa bakakubwira iby’ibanze wamukorera mu gihe batarakugeraho. Uko umurwayi wa stroke agezwa kwa muganga kare ni nako bimwongerera amahirwe yo kuvurwa.
Abaganga iyo bahageze bihutira kumuha ubufasha bw’ibanze burimo nko kumwongerera umwuka wa oxygène n’indi miti yamufasha ariko biba byiza iyo abihawe mbere y’amasaha ane imufashe.
Nta sano ifitanye no kunanirwa
Hari abantu benshi bakunze kwitiranya indwara yo guturika udutsi tw’ubwonko n’umunaniro uterwa no gukora ubutaruhuka cyangwa kunanirwa k’ubwonko ariko Dr. Kabakambira avuga ko nta sano n’imwe bifitanye.
Gukora cyane ahubwo bishobora gutera ibibazo by’umunaniro n’ibindi byangiza imikorere y’umubiri bikaba byakongera ibyago byo kurwara Diabète, umuvuduko w’amaraso n’ibindi bishobora kuzaganisha kuri stroke.
Uwarwaye Stroke ntakira burundu
Uretse kuba iyi ndwara iza ku mwanya wa kabiri mu zica benshi, ugize amahirwe akavurwa ntimwice, asigarana ubumuga bw’ingingo zimwe, agahora acumbagira nta mbaraga nk’izo yari asanganywe afite. Ishobora no kumusigira umumuga bwo kutongera kuvuga.
Muri rusange ntabwo umuntu ashobora kujya kwa muganga avuga ngo nje kwivuza stroke uretse kuba yagaragaje ibemenyetso byayo, akaba yanyuzwa mu cyuma kiyisuzuma, kuri ubu kiba mu bitaro bicye birimo iby’icyitegererezo.
Gusa umuntu asabwa kwirinda indwara zidakira nk’umuvuduko w’amaraso, Diabète, kanseri n’izindi abinyujihe mu gukora siporo, kwirinda inzoga n’itabi , kwirinda kurya ibirimo isukari nyinshi, kwisuzumisha nibura rimwe mu mwaka, akamenya uko ahagaze, kwirinda kwirirwa wicaye n’ibindi.
