Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru (MHC) isanga kimwe no mu zindi nzego zitandukanye z’igihugu, itangazamakuru ryarateye intambwe ishimishije mu rugendo rwo kwiyubaka mu myaka 25 ishize u Rwanda rwibohoye.
Ni nyuma y’uko na ryo riri mu nzego zari zarashegeshwe bikomeye na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, aho abanyamakuru benshi bishwe [Abarenga 60], abandi bagafungwa bazira kuyigiramo uruhare.
Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa HCM Mbungiramihigo Peacemaker agira ati: “Habayeho kuvugurura politiki igenga iterambere ry’itangazamakuru, aho igamije gutuma rikora neza kandi mu bwisanzure, gushyiraho inzego ziteza imbere itangazamakuru ndetse no gushyiraho amategeko atandukanye afasha kongerera imbaraga itangazamakuru, kuriteza imbere no gukora mu buryo burambye.
Ku bijyanye n’amategeko, mu 2013 hasohotse itegeko rishya rigenga itangazamakuru mu Rwanda, itegeko ryo kubona amakuru (Access to Information Law), hajyaho Urwego rw’Abanyamakuru Bigenzura (Rwanda Media Commission), bituma Leta iva mu kugenzura itangazamakuru ahubwo abanyamakuru bahabwa ububasha bwo kwigenzura ubwabo.
Icyo gihe ni na bwo Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru (MHC) yaje guhindurirwa inshingano, igirwa Ikigo gishinzwe kubaka ubushobozi bw’itangazamakuru mu Rwanda. Ni mu gihe mbere yakoraga n’inshingano zo kugenzura itangazamakuru kuri ubu zifitwe n’Urwego rw’Abanyamakuru Bigenzura (Rwanda Media Commission)”.
Mbungiramihigo avuga ko amavugurura yakozwe mu itangazamakuru yatumye umubare w’ibitangazamakuru mu Rwanda wiyongera. Imibare y’Urwego rw’abanyamakuru bigenzura (RMC), ugaragaraza ko ubu mu Rwanda habarirwa radiyo 34, tereviziyo 14, ibinyamakuru byandika ku mpapuro 36 n’ibikorera kuri interineti 92.
Akomeza avuga ko mu gihe mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi nta shuri ryigisha itangazamakuru cyangwa ribahugura ryariho, ubu mu gihugu hari amashuri atanu yigisha itangazamakuru, arimo Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, Mount Kenya, ICK, Christian University, na East African University.
Mbungiramihigo Peacemaker, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru, ahamya ko Umunyamakuru SACCO uzahangana n’ikibazo cy’ubushobozi mu mwuga w’itangazamakuru
Imbogamizi
Mbungiramihigo agaruka ku cyuho kijyanye no ku kubahiriza amahame agenga umwuga w’itangazamakuru nubwo hari intambwe yatewe. Haracyakenewe gahunda ihoraho yo kongerera ubushobozi n’ubumenyi abanyamakuru.
Ati: “Haracyari icyuho kijyanye n’ibikorwa remezo bidahagije (aho ibitangazamakuru bikorera ndetse n’ibikoresho bidahagije), hakaba itegeko ryo kubona amakuru ritarumvwa neza na bose, hakaba hakenewe gukomeza guhugura abanyamakuru n’abayobozi kuri iri tegeko ndetse n’ireme ry’ibitangazwa ritaranoga neza”.
Mbungiramihigo avuga ko n’imicungire y’ibitangazamakuru ikeneye gushyirwamo imbaraga kuko hari abayobora ibitangazamakuru usanga badafite ubumenyi buhagije nta n’inzego zuzuye zakabaye zigize igitangazamakuru zihari. Ikindi n’uko ibitangazamakuru byinshi bikora bitagendeye ku igenamigambi (Business Plan), bidafite gahunda ifatika yo gushaka amasoko.
Avuga ko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru mu 2014, bwagaragaje ko 67% by’abayobozi b’ibitangazamakuru bakora nta genamigambi (Business Plan) bafite. Bwagaragaje ko imicungire y’abakozi mu itangazamakuru hari aho usanga ikirimo ikibazo kuko hari abakora badafite amasezerano y’akazi cyangwa se badahembwa neza uko bikwiye.
Agaruka ku gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, kuribyaza umusaruro no guhanga udushya, Mbungiramihigo avuga ko kubaka itangazamakuru bisaba uruhare rwa buri wese baba abarikora, ba nyiri ibitangazamakuru, ababiyobora, Leta, imiryango itari iya Leta, ndetse n’abikorera. Birasaba ko hakomeza kuboneka abashoramari mu itangazamakuru.
Abarikora basabwa kurikora mu buryo bujyanye n’igihe, guhanga udushya, kwishyira hamwe aho gutatanya imbaraga no kujya bategura n’imishinga ishobora guterwa inkunga kugira ngo ibabyarire inyungu kandi abaterankunga barahari biteguye gufasha itangazamakuru.
Umunyamakuru w’umwuga Niyigaba Fidele avuga ko itangazamakuru ryiyubatse mu myaka 25 ishize u Rwanda rwibohoye kuko hagiyeho amashuri yigisha itangazamakuru, benshi mu banyuze muri ayo mashuri bayoboye ibitangazamakuru hari n’abashinze ibyabo bitandukanye.
Niyigaba atangaza ko hagiyeho inzego zigamije guha itangazamakuru umurongo wa kinyamwuga harimo Minisiteri, Inama y’Igihugu ishinzwe Itangazamakuru, n’amashyirahamwe agamije kunoza ubunyamwuga bw’Abanyamakuru.
Mu gukomeza mu rugamba rwo kuriteza imbere yongeraho ko ingufu zashyizwe mu mahugurwa, amategeko na politiki byatumye umubare w’ibitangazamakuru wiyongera mu gihugu.
Niyigaba yemeza ko umubare w’abakurikirana itangazamakuru wiyongereye kandi riba umuyoboro uhuza ubuyobozi n’abayoborwa rikanakora ubuvugizi.
Agaruka ku cyuho kigihari avuga ko ubushobozi mu by’imari bukiri buke. Ati: “Byinshi mu bitangazamakuru byigenga byishakamo amikoro bityo bikaba imbogamizi mu gukora akazi kabyo bikanagira ingaruka ku bunyamwuga. Hari kandi kuba bitarizerwa n’ibigo by’Imari ku buryo ibitangazamakuru bizabona inguzanyo”.
Ku rundi ruhande ariko atangaza ko Leta n’izindi nzego zibishinzwe zitarabasha kubona itangazamakuru nk’umwuga nk’uko ubuvuzi bubonwa ku buryo urikora yagombye kuba hari ibyo yujuje koko. Muri make asanga itangazamakuru rigomba kuba umwuga aho kuba impano. Ibyo bituma hari ababyihisha inyuma bagakora ibihabanye n’umwuga kandi bikitirirwa itangazamakuru muri Rusange.
Niyigaba ati: “Kuba abarishinzwe batarabasha kurishyira mu byiciro: abanyamakuru, abashyushyarugamba (showpresenters, abavangamiziki, radio/TV DJ) n’abandi nk’uko biba ahandi”.
Umunyamakuru wa Pax Presse Mukase Francine avuga ko itangazamakuru ryiyubatse n’ubwo itaragera ahakenewe, kimwe n’izindi nzego z’ubuzima bw’igihugu, gusa ashimangira ko itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda hari aho ryavuye, hari aho rigeze, hari n’aho ryifuzwa kugezwa.
Uwase ati: “Kuba nibura dufite ibitangazamakuru birenze kimwe bitari ibya Leta, aho umuturage ashobora kubona amakuru atandukanye ndetse na we akaba yatanga ibitekerezo ibyo ni ibyo kwishimirwa.
Kuba hariho itegeko rigena kandi rigatanga uburenganzira ku buryo bwo gutanga no guhabwa amakuru, ni intambwe u Rwanda rwateye itaragerwaho na byinshi mu bihugu bya Afurika.
Hari kandi kuba dufite ibikorwa remezo byorohereza umuturage kubona amakuru, ibi navuga nka interineti ihendutse ituma amakuru agera ku bantu bitabahenze kandi bidatwaye umwanya munini gusa haracyari urugendo.”
Uwase avuga ko hari byinshi byo gukorwa kugira ngo abakora itangazamakuru nk’umwuga batungwe naryo. Haracyari intambwe yo guterwa kugira ngo abantu batandukanye haba mu nzego za Leta bakire n’ibitekerezo bitandukanye.
Akurikije aho igihugu kigana by’umwihariko muri uwo mwuga hari ibyuho byazibwa ku bufatanye bw’inzego zose zigenga ubuzima bw’igihugu cyane cyane izireberera itangazamakuru.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Imiyoborere, RGB, mu mwaka wa 2018, bwagaragaje ko igipimo k’iterambere ry’itangazamakuru mu Rwanda cyari kuri 72.4% muri uwo mwaka. Icyo gipimo cyazamutseho 2.8%, kuko mu bushakashatsi bwa 2016 (RMB 2016) cyari kuri 69.6%. Mu gihe mu 2013 icyo gipimo cyari ku manota 60.7%.
Ubu bushakashatsi kandi bugaragaza ko Abanyarwanda bafitiye ikizere itangazamakuru ku kigero cya 75.3% naho ubwisanzure bwaryo bukaba buri kuri 81.3%.
Kuboneka kw’ibitangazamakuru no kubona amakuru ku baturage byavuye kuri 65.8% byariho mu mwaka wa 2016, bigera kuri 76.4% muri 2018.
Ubushakashatsi bwa RGB nanone ku iterambere ry’itangazamakuru mu Rwanda, bwagaragaje ko mu 2016 ibijyanye no kubahiriza amahame y’umwuga byari kuri 64.2%, ariko bikaba byarazamutse kuko byari kuri 62.7% muri 2013.
