Abizera bemera ko n’intungane bwira icumuye karindwi, ni nayo mpamvu habaho amategeko, amabwiriza n’indi mirongo ngenderwaho.
Mu myaka yo hambere hari bimwe Abaturarwanda batafataga nk’ibyaha, ariko uko abaturage bagenda bamenya uburenganzira bwabo, basobanukirwa amategeko, ibintu bigenda bihinduka.
Mu Rwanda hari Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Ubugenzacyaha (RIB), rufite inshingano zitandukanye ariko zirimo ikomeye yo kwigisha abantu imiterere y’ibyaha n’uburyo bashobora kubyirinda.
RIB igaragaza ko mu myaka itatu ishize, ibyaha birimo iby’ubujura, ibiyobyabwenge, gusambanya abana, gukubita no gukomeretsa, bikomeje kuza ku isonga nk’ibyo Abaturarwanda benshi bakurikiranwaho.
Mu kiganiro cyihariye n’Umuvugizi wa RIB, Dr Murangira B. Thierry, yagarutse ku byaha 10 bikunze gukorwa n’abantu benshi, impamvu yabyo ndetse n’ishusho y’ibyaranze umwaka wa 2021, mu bijyanye no gukumira, gutahura no kugenza ibyaha.
Ikiganiro na Dr Murangira
IGIHE: Bijyanye n’inshingano za RIB, 2021 ni umwaka musobanura ko wagenze gute?
Dr Murangira: Inshingano zacu nka RIB zishingiye ahanini ku kazi kacu ka buri munsi ko gukumira ibyaha, gutahura ibyaha no kubigenza.
Uyu mwaka uko wagenze, ni umwaka nk’indi yose. Uyu mwaka n’uwawubanjirije bifite umwihariko ku bijyanye n’inshingano zacu, hari harimo icyorezo cya Covid-19 aho buri muntu wese yasabwaga kubahiriza ingamba zo kwirinda gukwirakwiza icyorezo.
Hari ibikorwa twari twarateguye bishingiye ku nshingano zacu nk’ibyo gukumira, bimwe na bimwe byakomwe mu nkokora no kubahiriza amabwiriza ariko icya mbere ni ubuzima bw’abantu.
Ibyo bikorwa rero ni ibijyanye no kujya kwigisha abaturage tubasanze aho bari [aho batuye], ubukangurambaga dukorera hirya no hino mu gihugu tugahura n’abaturage, tukabaganiriza bigishwa uburyo bakwirinda ibyaha, uburyo babikumira n’uruhare rwabo kugira ngo ibyaha birwanywe.
Ibyo rero byakomwe mu nkokora ariko hari n’ibindi byo kwegereza abaturage serivisi, aho dufata imodoka zikoze nk’ibiro byimukanwa, tugasanga abaturage by’umwihariko abatuye kure ya sitasiyo zacu.
Baraza kuri izo modoka ziba zabasanze aho batuye, bagatanga ibirego bigakurikiranwa n’izindi serivisi baba bakeneye. Muri make ni ukugira ngo tubafashe abaturiye kure ya sitasiyo nabo babashe kugerwaho na serivisi z’Ubugenzacyaha.
Ni ukuvuga ko icyorezo cya Covid-19, hari ibikorwa byinshi bya RIB cyakomye mu nkokora?
Dr Murangira: Ni byo birahari ariko nk’ibijyanye no gutahura no kugenza ibyaha byo byarakomeje nta kibazo cyabayemo ndetse bigaragarira no ku mibare y’ibyaha RIB yagenjeje ikanabyohereza mu Bushinjacyaha.
RIB yakoze iperereza ku madosiye 69.908 [kuva muri Mutarama kugeza mu Ukuboza 2021], izo dosiye zose zikaba zarashyikirijwe Ubushinjacyaha.
Iyo ugereranyije umwaka wabanje wa 2020 n’uwa 2021, umwaka ushize twari twabushyikirije amadosiye 52.131. Ubwo rero umbajije uti ’ni uwuhe mwihariko w’uyu mwaka ni uko hiyongereyo 34.1% ku kazi twakoraga’.
Bivuze ko twashyizemo ingufu nyinshi kugira ngo ibyaha byose byagenjejwe bibe byashyikirizwa Ubushinjacyaha.
Ese hari uwakumva amadosiye ibihumbi 69, ntasobanukirwe ubwo ni ibyaha bingana gute cyangwa ababikoze ni bangahe?
Dr Murangira: Muri ayo madosiye yose harimo ibyaha 93.197. Iyo tuvuze dosiye imwe buriya ishobora kuba irimo n’ibyaha birenze kimwe.
Abakekwa bari barimo ni 89.247, wagereranya rero n’umwaka washize wa 2020, abakekwaho ibyaha bari 73.693.
Muri make ni uko nasobanura uyu mwaka uko wagenze, nta gikuba cyacitse, akazi kagenze neza ndetse turabona ko dushobora guhashya n’iki cyorezo cya Covid-19, tukaba twizeye ko ahazaza ari heza.
Hari abumva imibare y’ibyaha yiyongereye bakagira ngo igikuba cyacitse! Ni iki mubabwira?
Dr Murangira: Aha ngaha ibyiyongereye ni imibare mu igereranya, buriya rero kugira ngo byiyongere [imibare] hariho ibyaha mbere byakorwaga bigacecekwa, bigahishirwa.
Hari n’ibyaha mu minsi yashize bamwe batabaraga nk’ibyaha, ariko uko abaturage bagenda bamenya uburenganzira bwabo, begerezwa serivisi z’Ubugenzacyaha, barushaho gusobanukirwa, batanga ibirego, ibirego bigakurikiranwa, imibare ikiyongera.
Buriya iyo navuze ngo kwegerezwa serivisi z’Ubugenzacyaha, uragenda ukagera ha hantu kuri ya mirenge yari ituye kure ya sitasiyo za RIB, uragenda ukabona umuturage aje gutanga ikirego cy’icyaha yakorewe umwaka ushize.
Iyo umubajije impamvu atari yaragitanze mbere ati ‘oya, narebaga ruriya rugendo […] urumva uko serivisi za RIB zegerejwe abaturage, Abagenzacyaha na bo bakongerwa kuko muri uriya mwaka nabwo hari Abagenzacyaha bongerewemo, ubwo ni ingufu zindi RIB iba yungutse.
Hari n’ibikoresho, amahugurwa n’ibindi byose bituma iyo mibare yiyongera kuko ubushobozi buba buhari n’ububasha buhari, ubwenge buba buhari n’abakozi iyo bongerewe ibyaha bitahurwa bikagenzwa biriyongera.
Ni ibihe byaha bitanu mubona byiganje mu Rwanda?
Dr Murangira: Unsabye bitanu, reka nguhe 10! Kuva mu 2019, ibyo ni ibyaha 10 iteka biza ku isonga, kimwe gishobora kuza ku mwanya wa kabiri, ejo kikaza ku wa gatatu cyangwa uwa kane ariko iyo urebye muri rusange ni byo bihora biza mu myanya 10 ya mbere.
Icya mbere ni icy’ubujura, aho uyu mwaka wa 2021, ibirego byari 22.353, wajya mu 2020 byari 20.798 mu gihe mu mwaka wa 2019 byari ibirego 19.955.
Birumvikana ko za mbaraga nasobanuye zigenda zishyirwamo no kuba abantu batera intambwe bakaza kurega bikajyana no kuba ubushobozi bwo kuba twakurikirana ibyo byaha bwiyongera, urumva ko imibare y’ibyaha bigenzwa yagiye izamuka.
Ibindi byaha bikurikiraho ni ugukubita no gukomeretsa, ibiyobyabwenge bikaza ku mwanya wa gatatu, hagakurikiraho gusambanya umwana.
Ibindi ni gukoresha ibikangisho, guhoza ku nkeke, ubuhemu, ubwambuzi bushukana, inyandiko mpimbano no kwangiza imyaka.
Mu busesenguzi mukora nka RIB mubona biterwa n’iki ngo ibi byaha aribyo bihora bigaruka?
Dr Murangira: Wenda nagusobanurira muri bwa bumenyi, abaturage bagenda basobanukirwa uburenganzira bwabo nko gukoresha ibikangisho, icyo ni icyaha abantu batahaga agaciro.
Gukoresha ibikangisho ni hahandi umuntu aza akakubwira ati ‘sha uzambona, nzakwereka, ntabwo unzi, hariho n’abadatinya kuvuga ati ‘nzakugirira nabi cyangwa nzakwica’.
Icyo ni icyaha, Umunyarwanda rero usobanukiwe atera intambwe akavuga ko uwo muntu ari kumushyiraho ibikangisho kandi nibyo koko ntabwo uba ukwiriye gushyirwaho ibikangisho kuko hariho ubivuga akabishyira mu bikorwa koko.
Byaba bibabaje rero avuze ngo ‘nzakwica’ ntubihe agaciro, akazakwica koko.
Cyane ibi biba hagati y’abashakanye, ni ho biba cyane.
Hari n’ikindi cyo kwangiza imyaka, abantu baragenda kuko azi ko wamuteye umujinya, akavuga ati ’nimukubita biraba nabi’, akitwikira ijoro akagenda agatema insina zawe, bakagutemera ibishyimbo, icyo nacyo ni icyaha tubona kigenda kizamuka.
Twavuga ko ibi byaha 10 ubigereranyije n’ibindi, bifite uruhare ruhare mu bikorwa muri rusange?
Dr Murangira: Ibi byaha 10 byonyine byihariye 77.4% ku byaha byose.
Ni ukuvuga ngo mu gushyira ingufu twibanda kuri ibi byaha kugira ngo noneho abantu batekane.
Birashoboka ko ibi byaha byazarandurwa?
Dr Murangira: Urebye ibi byaha ni ibiri mu muryango Nyarwanda. Iyo urebye nk’ubujura nta sosiyete n’imwe ku Isi itabamo ubujura, nta sosiyete n’imwe itabamo ibyo gusambanya abana, nta sosiyete n’imwe ku Isi itabamo ibyaha byo gukubita no gukomeretsa.
Ubundi iyo urebye, amasomo yo kwiga ku gitera ibyaha [criminology], atugarariza ko aho ikiremwa muntu kiri ntihabura icyaha. Ni yo mpamvu habaho inzego z’Ubugenzacyaha, hakabaho polisi n’izindi.
N’uko Isi yose izi ko ahantu hari abantu haba hari ibyaha, gusa ikiba kigomba gukorwa, ni ukwiga ku buryo bucukumbuye, ugasesengura igituma habaho ibyo byaha.
Wenda tugiye nko kuri iki cyo gusambanya abana ni icyaha cyabagaho mbere kigahishirwa, bigasa nk’aho bitabaho, ariko uko abantu bagenda basobanukirwa, bumva ko ari ishyano ritagomba kwihanganirwa muri sosiyete, barabivuga.
Reka tuvuge kuri iki cyaha cyo gusambanya abana, mubona giterwa n’iki, ahubwo se kiganje mu bihe byiciro by’abantu?
Dr Murangira: Usanga icyo cyaha cyo gusambanya abana kiganje mu rubyiruko, hariho n’abatazi ko iyo uvuze umwana […] hariho abapimira umwana mu gihagararo.
Yamureba yarakuze neza, yaravumbutse ati ni inkumi, kandi yifitiye imyaka 14, kandi amategeko avuga ko umuntu wese utarageza imyaka 18 aba ari umwana.
Abamureba gutyo rero atiriwe abaza indangamuntu, ugasanga aratangiye araterese, buriya rero kuba ari n’umwana, yemera atemera ntibukubuza guhanwa wowe mukuru.
Iyo usesenguye neza usanga bikorwa n’abantu bari hagati ya 18 kuzamuka kugeza kuri 30, mu gihe abibasiwe basambanywa bo baba bafite kuva kuri 14 kugeza kuri 17.
Abakobwa n’abahungu bose barasambanywa ariko abibasirwa cyane ni abana b’igitsinagore.
Ibyo byose rero abantu barabihishiraga. N’ubu ngubu icyo twigisha abantu ni uko bacika kuri uwo muco wo guhishira, ubu hariho n’abantu bacyunga imiryango, umuryango w’uwasambanyije n’uwuwasambanyijwe, ugasanga ngo barica icyiru.
Ubu rero abantu dusanze bagiye kunga turabakurikirana bakabihanirwa, kuko bakurikiranwaho icyaha cyo guhishira icyaha cy’ubugome. Namwe mubimenyereho ni inshingano za buri Munyarwanda kumenyekanisha icyaha cy’ubugome.
None niba ibi byaha bikomeza kugaruka, Abanyarwanda barasabwa iki?
Dr Murangira: Ubundi mu by’ukuri, nk’ubujura ni bwo buza ku isonga, abantu bari bakwiye kubyirinda, bakanyurwa n’ibyabo.
Ariko noneho tukabwira n’abaturage bagakanguka bagafatanya kwirindira umutekano ndetse bagafata n’ingamba nziza zo guhashya bwa bujura. Ufashwe yibye akagezwa imbere y’ubutabera, kwihanira si byiza.
Gukubita no gukomeretsa; abantu barasabwa kugira ubworoherane kuko akenshi usanga bapfuye iki […] hariho n’abarwana bapfuye 100 Frw, igiceri, hariho n’abamwica ugasanga agiye kumara ubuzima bwe muri gereza bapfuye amafaranga 100.
Ibiyobyabwenge; ibi nta kintu byongera, hariho uwo ubaza ngo ese nkawe ubiterwa n’iki kunywa ibiyobyabwenge, ati ’binyibagiza ibibazo’.
Ndakurahiye! Nta muntu ushobora guhungira ibibazo mu biyobyabwenge, ahubwo noneho uba wiyongerera ibibazo. Hari abajya bavuga ngo ni intambwe njya kuzimu kuko uba wiganisha mu bibazo kurusha uko wabyivanamo.
Gusambanya umwa; biteye n’isoni byo nta n’ubivuga. Ubu noneho hateye n’ibyo usanga umuntu asambanywa n’uwo bafitanye isano. Mu isesengura twakoze, mu myaka itatu ishize hari harimo abarenga 1000 basambanyije abana babo.
Ubwo ndavuga ba Nyirarume, ba Se cyangwa ba Se wabo, ugasanga nabyo ni ikintu […] ni amahano. Abantu rero bari bakwiriye kutabihishira, bagatera intambwe bakabivuga.
Natwe sosiyete, umwana wasambanyijwe ntabwo tuba dukwiriye kumuha akato. Hari n’igihe njyewe nibaza, ibi bintu kuki bitarandurwa kandi aba bana basambanyirizwa aho dutuye, kuki bihishirwa? Ntabwo aribyo, dukwiye kutihanganira abasambanya abana.
Ibi bintu byo gusambanya abana bikwiye guhararara.
Turi gusoza umwaka wa 2021, ni ubuhe butumwa rusange muha Abaturarwanda?
Dr Murangira: Turashimira Abanyarwanda muri rusange, uburyo bitwaye, muri uyu mwaka twakoranye neza nka RIB.
Twakoranye neza mu buryo baduhagamo amakuru, baradufasha mu kazi kacu dukora, turabashimira tubizeza gukomeza gufatanya.
Uburyo tubasaba gukomeza gufatanya natwe ni ukwirinda ibyaha, kwirinda ibyaha ibyo ari byo byose. Ntabwo ari muri iyi minsi mikuru gusa n’igihe cyose. Birinde ibyaha, bashishoze, hari ibyaha abantu bagwamo kubera ko batashishoje.
Turashimira kandi itangazamakuru ryadufashije kugeza ubutumwa aho tutabashije kugera kubera imiterere y’icyorezo cya Covid-19.
Ikindi ni urubyiruko, ubu ntabwo bagomba gushyushywa n’iyi minsi mikuru, dore turacyari mu bihe bya Covid-19, icyorezo kiracyahari tugomba kucyirinda. Birinde ‘House Party’.
House Party ni ho banywera ibiyobyabwenge, ibintu bita ‘Shisha’, ibyo bita ‘Electronic Cigarette’, urumogi n’ibindi, birinde ibisindisha kuko muri ibyo byose ni hamwe birangira basambanyijwe cyangwa basambanyije, harimo ibyaha byo gufata ku ngufu no gusambanya abana kuko hari n’abajya muri izo ‘House Party’ bari munsi y’imyaka 18.
Ababyeyi na bo bamenye abana babo, kohereza umwana wawe muri ‘House Party’ umenye ko nk’umubyeyi hari inshingano ziba zigucitse.
