Mu gihe guhera ku wa Mbere taliki ya 1kugeza ku ya 12 Ugushyingo 2021, i Glasgow mu Bwongereza hiteguwe Inama y’Umuryango w’Abibumye ya 26 yiga ku ihindagurika ry’ibihe (COP-26), u Rwanda rurasaba amahanga gufatira umubumbe ingamba zikomeye no no kuzishyira mu bikorwa byihuse muri iki gihe yugarijwe n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Kuri ubu busabe, u Rwanda rwiyunze ku bindi bihugu bitandukanye, imiryango ndetse n’impirimbanyi mu kubungabunga ibidukikije n’abantu ku giti cyabo bakomeje gutabariza isi yugarijwe n’ingaruka zikomeye z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere iterwa n’imyitwarire ndetse n’imibereho ishobora guhindurwa n’umubume ukabona ubuhumekero.
Nko ku wa Gatanu taliki ya 29 Ukwakira, i Tel Aviv muri Isiraheri habereye imyigaragambyo yitabiriwe n’ibihumbi 12 by’abaturage basaba abayobozi ku Isi yose kuva mu magambo avuga uko Isi yabungabunga ahubwo agatangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa kuko nta gihe gisigaye.
Uretse iyo myigaragambyo n’indi ibera mu bice bitandukanye by’Isi, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na BBC yakusanyije ibitekerezo by’abasaga 30,000 ku Isi bwagaragaje ko abasaga 56% bisabira abayobozi ba za Guverinoma gufata ingamba zikomeye zo gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zemejwe mu nama y’ubushize mu 2015 zigashyirwa mu bikorwa.
Abatuye Isi babona abayobozi badakwiye gukomeza kuvuga ku bibazo ariko nta ngamba zihamye zo kubikemura, mu gihe ingaruka zo gutinda guhangana n’iki kibazo zikomeje guhitana ubuzima bwa benshi hakaba hari n’impungenge ko mu myaka iri imbere bizaba bimeze nabi kurushaho mu gihe nta gikozwe nonaha.
Guhera mu ntangiriro z’icyumweru gitaha, Abaperezida na ba Minisitiri b’Intebe bahagararye ibihugu 120 ni bo bitezwe muri COP 26, inama ifatwa nk’amahirwe ya nyuma yo gukemura ibibazo birebana n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere rikomeje kwibasira ubuzima bwa muntu n’urundi rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.
Mu gihe ubushakashatsi bwa vuba bugaragaza ko ingamba zihari n’uburyo zishyirwa mu bikorwa zidashobora kumanura igipimo cy’ubushyuhe kikagera kuri dogere 1.5 C ku Isi yose, u Rwanda rusanga igihe ari iki ngo hafatwe izindi ngamba zikarishye kandi zihite zinashyirwa mu bikorwa.
Kunanirwa guhuza intego zihamye kandi zikomeye ndetse no kuzishyira mu bikorwa, bishobora gusobanura ibyago bidasubirwaho ku Isi nk’uko bishimangirwa n’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, Antonio Gutierrez, wagize ati: “Hatabayeho gufata ingamba zihamye, twaba turimo dukina na bi n’amahirwe yacu ya nyuma yo gusubiza ibintu mu buryo.”
U Rwanda rusanga COP26 ari amahirwe akomeye yo guhindura ibintu
Itsinda rihagarariye u Rwanda rizaba riyobowe na Minisitiri w’Intebe Dr. Edouard Ngirente, aho Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije Dr. Mujawamariya Jeanne d’Arc ari umwe mu bazayobora inama iziga ku gushyiraho ibihe ndakuka byo kuba ibihugu byose byamaza gutanga ukwiyemeza kwabyo mu bijyanye no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
U Rwanda ni cyo gihugu cya mbere cy’Afurika cyiyemeje kugabanya 38% by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bitarenze mu mwaka wa 2030 (NDCs), izo ngamba zikazakumira toni zisaga miliyoni 4.6 z’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
Kugira ngo iyo gahunda igerweho, u Rwanda rusabwa miliyari 11 z’Amadolari y’Amerika, harimo miliyari 5.7 z’amadolari zizifashishwa mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya (C02 ), izindi miliyari 5.3 zikifashishwa mu kwisuganya no kujyana n’imiterere y’ibihe.
Afurika yohereza 3.7% y’ibyuka Isi yohereza mu kirere, ariko ingaruka z’ihindagurika ry’ikirere zizahaza cyane uyu mugabane kimwe n’ibindi bihugu bikennye n’ibikiri mu nzira y’Amajyambere ku Isi.
Minisitiri Dr. Mujawamariya asanga inama izafatirwamo ingamba zifasha ibihugu byose, cyane cyane ibyateye imbere, kwiyemeza kugira uruhare mu guhangana n’ingaruka z’ibyuka byohereza mu kirere agira ati: “Dushobora gutsinda ingorane zikomeye mu gihe duhujwe n’intego imwe. Ni yo mpamvu u Rwanda rufite icyizere ko COP26 izagera ku bwumvikane ku bibazo bikomeye, harimo gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’i Paris, umurongo ngenderwaho ku kohereza ibyuka bihumanya ikirere n’amafaranga akenewe mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kubana na yo.”
Yemeza ko COP26 izaba amahirwe yo kugaragaza u Rwanda nk’igihugu cyiteguye kwakirana yombi abashoramari mu rwego rw’ubukungu butangiza ibidukikije kandi burambye. Yashimangiye ko Ikigega cy’lgihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije (FONERWA) kimaze gukusanya miliyari 217 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda yashyizwe mu ishoramari rigamije kubungabunga ibidukikije mu Gihugu hose.
U Rwanda ruri mu bihugu bike by’Afurika byaciye amashashi, uwo ukaba umuhigo rwesheje guhera mu mwaka wa 2008 kugeza mu 2019 ubwo rwakuragaho n’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bya Purasitiki bikoreshwa rimwe. Imbaraga zashyizwe mu kurengera no kubungabunga amashyamba zatumye kugeza ubu 30.4 by’ubutaka bw’Igihugu kuri ubu buriho amashyamba kandi abungabungwa uko bikwiye.
U Rwanda kandi rukomeje gushyira imbaraga ku kwimakaza uburyo bwo gutwara abantu butohereza ibyuka mu kirere, kubaka imijyi mu buryo burambye, ubuhinzi bwifashishije ikoranabuhanga no guoresha ingufu zitangiza ibidukikije.
Minisitiri Dr. Mujawamariya asanga kugira ngo intego zo kwita ku mubumbe zigerweho, ibihugu bigomba gucunga ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku mibereho y’abaturage no kuvugurura ibyo byiyemeje mu bijyanye n’imari irambye bishora muri uwo mushinga.
