Hari amoko atandukanye y’ifu atanga igikoma ariko si buri gikoma cyose cyagirirwa icyizere cyo kwifashishwa mu rugamba rwo guhangana n’igwingira n’izindi ngorane zituruka ku mirire mibi.
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ikomeje guhangana n’ibibazo byo kugwingira n’ibindi biterwa n’imirire mibi, gutangiza gahunda ishyigikira imiryango y’abatishoboye yitegura umwana cyangwa iyungutse umwana utarageza ku myaka ibiri y’amavuko.
Guhera mu mwaka wa 2017 imiryango yo mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’ubudehe yatangiye kuyihabwa nyuma haza kongerwaho n’ababarizwa mu cyiciro cya kabiri.
Mu gihe abatayihabwa bashobora kuyifata nk’ifu isanzwe, abayifata bo babona idasanzwe kuko yahinduye ubuzima bw’ababyeyi batwite ndetse n’abana bafite hagati y’amezi atandatu kugeza kuri 23 mu rwego rwo kurwanya ugwingira mu bana bari munsi y’imyaka itandatu, hitabwa cyane cyane ku minsi 1,000 y’ubuzima bw’umwana n’ubw’umubyeyi we.
Uwera Claudine ni umwe mu babyeyi bahabwa ifu ya Shisha Kibondo utuye mu Mudugudu wa Cyumukenke, Akagari ka Rugeshi, Umurenge wa Mukamira mu Karere ka Nyabihu, ahamya uburyo ifu ya Shisha Kibondo yahinduye ubuzima bwe n’ubw’umwana we.
Uyu mubyeyi ubarizwa mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’ubudehe, Imvaho Nshya yamusanze arimo gufata ifu y’umwana we ufite mezi 15.
Akimara gufata udushashi dutanu kamwe gapima ikilo kimwe n’igice, yahise ajya gutegurira umwana we igikoma cy’iyo fu kuko ngo umwana we atajya agihaga.
Mu gutegura icyo gikoma akurikiza amabwiriza yahawe n’Abajyanama b’Ubuzima kugira ngo kigirire umumaro umwan wese hakurikije ikigero cy’amezi amaze avutse.
Akimara kugitegura, ashimishwa n’uko umwana we yakimenyereye ku buryo atajya agihaga bitewe n’uburyohe bwacyo ndetse n’intungamubiri zikigize zimufasha kumva amerewe neza. Ni igikoma cy’ifu igizwe n’ibigori, soya, amata, isukari na vitamini.
Nyuma yo kugaburira umwana kuri icyo gikoma, Uwera Claudine yahamije ko kuva yatangira gufata igikoma kimugenewe, imibereho n’ubuzima bw’umwana atwite bwabaye bwiza akamubyara ashyitse, ndetse kugeza n’ubu akaba afite itandukaniro mu mikurire haba iy’ubwenge n’impagarike.
Yagize ati: “Iyi fu ya Shisha Kibondo ituma umwana atagwingira, ituma ubuzima bw’umwana bugenda neza, agakura neza mu myumvire n’igihagararo. Iyi Shisha Kibondo natangiye kuyifata umwana wanjye ari mu nda afite amezi abiri. Narayifashe kugeza ubwo mbyaye, ubwo nongeye kuyifata ndimo gufata iyo agenewe, amaze kumenya kuyinywa ku mezi atandatu.”
Kuri ubu uyu mwana afite umwaka n’amezi atanu, akaba yiyongera vuba kandi ngo ubona afite umurava wo kwiga ibishya kandi ngo ntarwaragurika, cyane ko icyo gikoma agihabwa hamwe n’indi mfashabere igizwe n’indyo yuzuye.
Yashimiye uburyo Abajyanama b’Ubuzima bamuhora hafi kugira ngo umwana arerera u Rwanda akure neza, agashimira na Leta idahwema gufasha abatishoboye kugira ngo ubushobozi buke bwabo budakomeza kuba intandaro y’ubwiyongere bw’igwingira mu bana bari munsi y’imyaka itandatu y’amavuko.
Bagenzi ba Uwera na bo bafata ifu ya Shisha Kibondo, bavuga ko ituma imikurire y’abana babo bagaragaza itandukaniro mu mikurire.
Nikuze Solange utuye mu Mudugudu wa Hesha, Akagari ka Jaba, yagize ati: “Umwana muha igikoma cy’ifu ya Shisha Kibondo bwa mbere nabonye acyishimiye cyane nta kibazo na kimwe afite, ni ifu iryoha kandi igafasha umwana kugira ubuzima bwiza.”
Iradukunda Florence utuye mu Mudugudu wa Nyirabashenyi, Akagari ka Jaba na we yongeyeho ati: “Amafaranga nagakoresheje mu gushakira umwana indi fu y’igikoma isanzwe amfasha mu kubona ayo guhaha ibyo nteguramo indyo yuzuye nk’indagara n’imbuto byunganira ibyo duhinga.”
Ntawamenya Julienne utuye mu Mudugudu wa Biliba, avuga ko nubwo ari bwo bwa mbere afatiye umwana we w’amezi arindwi na we yiboneye impinduka ahereye ku ifu yafashe atwite.
Ati: “Umwana ni ho namufatira bwa mbere, iyi fu izamufasha mu mikurire kuko ni imfashabere ijyana no kumugaburira indyo yuzuye nk’uko babiduhuguriye.”
Shisha Kibondo yakingiye benshi imirire mibi mu Karere ka Nyabihu
Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Nyabihu bwishimira ko ifu ya Shisha Kibondo igize uruhurirane rwa gahunda zo kurwanya imirire mibi zatanze umusaruro ufatika mu Karere.
Ndayisaba Peter, Umukozi ushinzwe gahunda mbonezamikurire y’abana bato mu Karere ka Nyabihu, avuga ko kuva ifu ya Shisha Kibondo yatangira guhabwa abaturage mu myaka ine ishize, babonye impinduka zidasanzwe mu rugamba rwo guhashya igwingira n’izindi ndwara zituruka ku mirire mibi.
Yagize ati: “Iyo ugendeye ku bipimo byihariye Akarere gakora gafatanyije n’abafatanyabikorwa bako, usanga nibura uko imirire mibi yari ihagaze izi gahunda za Leta zitaraza hari itandukaniro rihari. Ni gahunda iri kugenda ikemura ikibazo cy’imirire mibi mu bana bato, uwayikoresheje neza irimo iratanga umusaruro.”
Ndayisaba yavuze ko kuri ubu mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Shisha Kibondo irimo guhabwa abana basaga 7,000 n’abagore batwite bakabakaba 4,000.
Ndayisaba Peter, Umukozi ushinzwe gahunda mbonezamikurire y’abana bato mu Karere ka Nyabihu, aganira n’ababyeyi baje gufata ifu ya Shisha Kibondo
Yakomeje agira ati: “Shisha Kibondo itaraza imibare y’abana bagwingiye n’ibindi bibazo by’imirire mibi mu miryango yari iri hejuru, ariko aho iziye ba bana bose twavuga ko bari bari ahantu bashobora kugirwaho n’ingaruka ku buryo bukomeye, iyi Shisha Kibondo yaraje irabafasha.”
Yongeyeho ko ababyeyi badahabwa Shisha Kibondo gusa ahubwo hiyongeraho no kubigisha isuku, gutegura indyo yuzuye, by’umwihariko kwitwararika ku minsi 1,000 y’ubuzima bw’umwana mu kwirinda igwingira.
Ati: “Kuyitwara ukayikoresha neza, ukagira ibindi biyunganira ni byo bituma wa mwana agira imibereho myiza kandi agakura neza.”
Mu gihe Raporo ya gatanu ku buzima n’imibereho myiza mu Rwanda yasohotse mu 2015 (DHS 2014/2015) yashyiraga Akarere ka Nyabihu ku mwanya w’imbere mu kugira abana bari munsi y’imyaka itandatu bagwingiye kuri 59%, kuri ubu ubuyobozi bufite icyizere ko imibare yagabanyutse kubera imbaraga zidasanzwe zashyizwe mu gukurikirana ubuzima bw’ababyeyi n’abana.
Ndayisaba yakomeje agira ati: “Nk’abayobozi iyo tugiye gusura ababyeyi tubonera impinduka mu mibereho y’umwana no ku isura ye, kuko buriya umwana urimo akura neza na we ubwawe uramubona ukamwibwira. Shisha Kibondo n’izindi gahunda za Leta zitandukanye zagize umusanzu ufatika hano mu Karere ka Nyabihu mu gukumira imirire mibi.”
Yakomeje ashimira uruhare rw’umushinga ugamije gukumira no kurwanya igwingira mu bana bato (SPRP) wahinduye byinshi mu mibereho n’ubuzima bw’abaturage, by’umwihariko abatishoboye.
Yavuze ko uretse gahunda ya Shisha Kibondo, SPRP yagize uruhare rufatika mu kunganira ibikorwa by’ingo mbonezamikurire y’abana bato kugira ngo bibone ibyangombwa by’ingenzi bibafasha kwita ku buzima bw’abana bato.
Kuri ubu ku rwego rw’Akarere ka Nyabihu habarurwa ingo mbonezamikurire zibera mu ngo (Home Based ECDs) 904 zitabirwa zirimo abana barenga hafi ibihumbi 25, ingo mbonezamikurire zikorera hafi y’abaturage 14, Ibigo mbonezamikurire(ECD Centers) umunani, n’amarerero y’amashuri (School Based ECDs) agera kuri 87.
Ndayisaba ati: “Ibyo ni ibyiciro bitandukanye hano mu Karere ka Nyabihu twumva ko umwana uri hagati y’imyaka itatu n’itandatu wese yisanga muri kimwe muri ibyo byiciro akitabwaho by’umwihariko. Twumva ko Leta irimo ikora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo umwana wese uri muri icyo cyiciro abe afite hamwe muri ahongaho abarizwa.”
Minisiteri y’Ubuzima itangaza ko urugamba rwo guhashya burundu igwingira n’izindi ndwara zituruka ku mirire mibi rukomeje nubwo hagiye hagaragara igabanyuka mu mibare y’abana bagwingiye.
Imibare itangazwa muri DHS ishimangira ko igwingira ryari kuri 42 % mu mwaka wa 2000, rigera kuri 38% mu 2015, ubu rigeze kuri 33%, naho igwingira rikabije rikaba rigeze ku 9%.
